Iyini Imayini ye-cryptocurrency?

Isingeniso

Izimayini kuyinqubo yokwengeza amarekhodi okwenziwayo ebhukwini lomphakathi leBitcoin lemisebenzi edlule.Le ncwajana yemisebenzi edlule ibizwa ngeblockchainnjengoba kuyiketango leamabhlogo.Iblockchainisebenzela kuqinisekisaokwenziwayo kuyo yonke inethiwekhi njengoba kwenzekile.Amanodi e-Bitcoin asebenzisa i-block chain ukuhlukanisa ukuthengiselana kwe-Bitcoin okusemthethweni nemizamo yokusebenzisa kabusha izinhlamvu zemali esezisetshenziswe kwenye indawo.

Imayini yakhelwe ngamabomu ukuthi isebenzise izinsiza eziningi futhi ibe nzima ukuze inani lamabhulokhi atholwa abavukuzi usuku ngalunye lihlale liqinile.Amabhulokhi angawodwana kufanele aqukathe ubufakazi bomsebenzi ozothathwa njengovumelekile.Lobu bufakazi bomsebenzi buqinisekiswa ngamanye ama-Bitcoin node isikhathi ngasinye lapho bethola ibhulokhi.I-Bitcoin isebenzisa i-i-hashcashumsebenzi wobufakazi bomsebenzi.

Inhloso eyinhloko yezimayini ukuvumela ama-Bitcoin node ukuthi afinyelele ukuvumelana okuphephile, okumelana nokuphazamiseka.Izimayini ziphinde zibe indlela esetshenziswayo ukwethula ama-Bitcoins ohlelweni: Abavukuzi bakhokhelwa noma yiziphi izimali zokuthengiselana kanye “noxhaso” lwezinhlamvu zemali ezisanda kwakhiwa.Lokhu kokubili kusebenzela inhloso yokusabalalisa izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha ngendlela ehlukaniselwe abantu kanye nokugqugquzela abantu ukuthi banikeze ukuvikeleka kohlelo.

Imayini ye-Bitcoin ibizwa kanjalo ngoba ifana nokumbiwa kwezinye izinto: idinga ukuzikhandla futhi yenza kancane kancane amayunithi amasha atholakale kunoma ubani ofisa ukuba yingxenye.Umehluko obalulekile ukuthi ukunikezwa akuncikile emalini yezimayini.Ngokujwayelekile ukushintsha ingqikithi ye-hashpower yomvukuzi akushintshi ukuthi mangaki ama-bitcoins adalwe esikhathini eside.

Ubunzima

Inkinga Yekhompyutha-Enzima

Ukumba ibhulokhi kunzima ngoba i-SHA-256 hash yesihloko sebhulokhi kufanele ibe ngaphansi noma ilingane nokuhlosiwe ukuze ibhulokhi yamukelwe inethiwekhi.Le nkinga ingenziwa ibe lula ngezinjongo zencazelo: I-hashi yebhulokhi kufanele iqale ngenombolo ethile yoziro.Amathuba okubala i-hash eqala ngoziro abaningi aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe imizamo eminingi.Ukuze ukhiqize i-hashi entsha umjikelezo ngamunye, alutholiyakhula.BhekaUbufakazi bomsebenziukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

I-Difficulty Metric

Iubunzimaisilinganiso sokuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuthola ibhulokhi entsha uma kuqhathaniswa nokulula okungake kube yikho.Ibalwa kabusha njalo emabhuloki ka-2016 kube yinani elifana nokuthi amabhulokhi angaphambilini ka-2016 ngabe akhiqizwa emasontweni amabili ncamashi ukube wonke umuntu ubezimayini kulobu bunzima.Lokhu kuzokhipha, ngokwesilinganiso, ibhulokhi elilodwa njalo ngemizuzu eyishumi.Njengoba abavukuzi abaningi bejoyina, izinga lokudalwa kwamabhulokhi liyakhula.Njengoba izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-block landa, ubunzima bukhuphuka ukuze bunxephezele, obunokulinganisa komphumela ngenxa yokunciphisa izinga lokudala vimba.Noma yimaphi amabhulokhi akhishwe abavukuzi abanonya angahlangabezani nokudingekayoubunzima targetizomane inqatshwe abanye abahlanganyeli kunethiwekhi.

Umvuzo

Lapho i-block itholwa, otholayo angase azinikeze inombolo ethile yama-bitcoins, okuvunyelwana ngawo wonke umuntu kunethiwekhi.Njengamanje le bhonasi ingama-bitcoins angu-6.25;leli nani lizokwehla ngohhafu njalo emabhuloki angu-210,000.BhekaUkunikezwa Kwemali Elawulwayo.

Ukwengeza, umvukuzi unikezwa izimali ezikhokhwa abasebenzisi abathumela imisebenzi.Inkokhelo iyisikhuthazo kumvukuzi ukuthi afake umsebenzi kubhulokhi yakhe.Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba inani labavukuzi abasha be-bitcoins livunyelwe ukudala ku-block ngayinye liyancipha, izimali zizokwenza amaphesenti abaluleke kakhulu emali engenayo yezimayini.

I-ecosystem yezimayini

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

Abasebenzisi basebenzise izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zehadiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze bamayini amabhlogo.Ukucaciswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nezibalo zokusebenza kunemininingwane kuImayini Hardware Ukuqhathanisaikhasi.

I-CPU Mining

Izinguqulo zangaphambili zeklayenti le-Bitcoin zivumele abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise ama-CPU abo kumayini.Ukufika kwezimayini ze-GPU kwenza ukumba izimayini ze-CPU ngokungahlakaniphi ngokwezimali njengoba i-hashrate yenethiwekhi yanda yafinyelela ezingeni lokuthi inani lama-bitcoins akhiqizwa izimayini ze-CPU laba ngaphansi kunezindleko zamandla okusebenzisa i-CPU.Ngakho-ke inketho yasuswa ekusetshenzisweni komsebenzisi kweklayenti le-Bitcoin.

I-GPU Mining

I-GPU Mining ishesha kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu kunezimayini ze-CPU.Bheka isihloko esikhulu:Kungani i-GPU imayini ngokushesha kune-CPU.Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumileimishini yezimayinizibhaliwe.

FPGA Mining

I-FPGA yezimayini iyindlela esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi esheshayo yokumba izimayini, eqhathaniswa nezimayini ze-GPU kanye nezimayini ze-CPU ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.Ama-FPGA ngokuvamile asebenzisa amanani amancane kakhulu wamandla anezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-hashi, okuwenza asebenze kangcono futhi asebenze kahle kunezimayini ze-GPU.BhekaImayini Hardware Ukuqhathanisangokucaciswa kwehadiwe ye-FPGA nezibalo.

I-ASIC Mining

Isifunda esihlanganisiwe esiqondene nohlelo lokusebenza, nomaI-ASIC, iyi-microchip eklanywe futhi yakhiwe ngenjongo eqondile.Ama-ASIC aklanyelwe izimayini ze-Bitcoin akhululwe okokuqala ngo-2013. Ngenani lamandla awasebenzisayo, ashesha kakhulu kunabo bonke ubuchwepheshe bangaphambilini futhi asevele enze izimayini ze-GPU zaba ukungabi nakuhlakanipha ngokwezimali kwamanye amazwe nokusetha.

Izinkonzo zezimayini

Osonkontileka bezimayiniukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yezimayini ngokusebenza okucaciswe yinkontileka.Ngokwesibonelo, bangase baqashe izinga elithile lomthamo wezimayini ngenani elimisiwe lesikhathi esithile.

Amachibi

Njengoba abavukuzi abaningi beqhudelana ngokunikezwa okulinganiselwe kwamabhulokhi, abantu ngabanye bathola ukuthi basebenze izinyanga ngaphandle kokuthola ibhulokhi futhi bethola umvuzo ngemizamo yabo yokumba izimayini.Lokhu kwenza izimayini zaba yinto yokugembula.Ukuze kubhekwane nokwehluka kweholo labo abavukuzi baqala ukuzihlanganisaamachibiukuze bakwazi ukwabelana ngemivuzo ngokulinganayo.Bheka izimayini ezihlanganisiwe kanyeUkuqhathaniswa kwamachibi ezimayini.

Umlando

Ileja yomphakathi ye-Bitcoin ('block chain') yaqalwa ngoJanuwari 3, 2009 ngo-18:15 UTC cishe ngu-Satoshi Nakamoto.Ibhulokhi yokuqala yaziwa ngokuthi i-genesis block.Ukuthengiselana kokuqala okulotshwe kubhlokhi yokuqala kwaba ukuthengiselana okukodwa okukhokha umvuzo wama-bitcoins amasha angama-50 kumdali wawo.